Guerre en Ukraine : les propositions de paix se multiplient, mais un accord reste hors de portée

Zelensky a d’abord qualifié le plan proposé par la Chine et le Brésil de paix pour l’Ukraine de « destructeur », en raison de l’absence d’exigence pour un retrait des forces russes. Cependant, Andriy Yermak, son chef de cabinet, a indiqué en octobre que Zelensky pourrait envisager d’incorporer certains éléments de ce plan dans les efforts de paix propres à l’Ukraine.

Du côté russe, Sergueï Lavrov a commenté la proposition à l’ONU en déclarant : « Les dispositions des plans de la Chine et du Brésil utilisent les bons termes, comme des appels à la paix, à la justice et au respect du droit international. Personne ne conteste cela. Mais je n’ai pas encore été informé des moyens concrets qu’ils comptent utiliser pour parvenir à la paix. »

D’autres approches

En parallèle, des responsables publics explorent plusieurs idées pour mettre fin au conflit, bien qu’il ne s’agisse pas toujours de véritables plans de paix. Ces propositions visent davantage à imaginer comment structurer les relations entre l’Ukraine et la Russie pour permettre un arrêt durable des hostilités.

L’idée du modèle israélien

Face à la lenteur de certaines nations, comme l’Allemagne, à soutenir l’adhésion rapide de l’Ukraine à l’OTAN, des diplomates occidentaux, ainsi que le président américain Joe Biden, ont évoqué l’idée de s’inspirer du modèle israélien. Israël, bien qu’il ne fasse pas partie d’une alliance militaire officielle comme l’OTAN, bénéficie d’un partenariat stratégique étroit avec les États-Unis et plusieurs pays européens, qui lui fournissent un soutien diplomatique significatif et des livraisons massives d’armes. Par ailleurs, Israël a développé l’une des industries d’armement les plus performantes au monde.

Cette approche offrirait l’avantage de ne pas intégrer l’Ukraine à une alliance militaire susceptible de tirer d’autres nations dans une guerre contre la Russie, qui détient l’arme nucléaire.

Maria Zakharova, porte-parole du ministère russe des Affaires étrangères, a averti que livrer des armes à l’Ukraine pourrait conduire à une « escalade incontrôlable ». | Olga Maltseva/AFP via Getty Images

Cependant, ce modèle comporte aussi de lourds inconvénients. L’Ukraine risquerait de devenir un pays constamment exposé à la menace de conflits armés. Si cette situation n’a pas empêché Israël de prospérer économiquement, la gravité de la menace pesant sur Kiev est nettement plus importante. Cela pourrait décourager les investisseurs et transformer l’Ukraine en un État fragile, incapable de se maintenir économiquement. Ces risques pourraient être atténués grâce à une potentielle adhésion à l’Union européenne, bien que ce processus reste semé d’embûches.


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