En Allemagne, les responsables politiques s’interrogent sur la réponse à l’hécatombe industrielle

Gröger a annoncé que des “grèves d’avertissement” auront lieu avant le 9 décembre, en amont du prochain cycle de négociations avec la direction sur les coupes budgétaires. Il a également mis en garde contre la possibilité d’actions beaucoup plus drastiques si les discussions échouent. “Un mouvement social d’ampleur est envisageable. Nous sommes prêts”, a-t-il affirmé.

Ces tensions surviennent à un moment où le gouvernement allemand est paralysé par l’effondrement de la coalition tripartite au pouvoir, survenu en début de mois. Les tractations politiques pour former un nouveau gouvernement pourraient durer longtemps, possiblement bien au-delà des élections prévues le 23 février. Même après l’éventuelle formation d’une nouvelle coalition, la capacité d’agir restera limitée par le frein constitutionnel à l’endettement, qui restreint les marges de manœuvre budgétaires.

En Allemagne, le déclin de Volkswagen (VW) illustre les défis économiques croissants. Confronté à des bénéfices en chute libre, des ventes stagnantes en Europe et un effondrement sur son marché clé en Chine, le constructeur automobile a annoncé fin octobre son intention de fermer certaines de ses usines en Allemagne.

Les investissements initiaux de VW dans la technologie des véhicules électriques ont souffert de retards et d’une explosion des coûts, laissant le géant allemand derrière des concurrents comme l’Américain Tesla et le Chinois BYD. Pire encore, si Donald Trump, président élu des États-Unis, applique sa menace d’imposer des droits de douane aux importations en provenance d’Europe, la situation déjà critique des ouvriers des usines allemandes pourrait s’aggraver.

Les déboires de Volkswagen reflètent plus largement l’état préoccupant de l’industrie allemande, marquée par une baisse continue de l’emploi industriel. Cette semaine, une annonce du sidérurgiste Thyssenkrupp a particulièrement retenu l’attention : l’entreprise prévoit jusqu’à 11 000 suppressions de postes d’ici 2030.

Cependant, c’est bien l’industrie automobile — le fleuron de l’économie allemande — qui subira les plus lourdes conséquences. Ce secteur représente environ 11 % des emplois manufacturiers du pays, répartis entre les constructeurs et leurs nombreux fournisseurs. Certaines entreprises ont déjà commencé à réduire leurs effectifs : Bosch prévoît de supprimer 3 500 emplois, ZF Friedrichshafen pourrait licencier au moins 12 000 salariés d’ici 2030, et Continental envisage de supprimer 5 500 postes à l’échelle mondiale.

L’impact de ces restructurations pourrait être dévastateur, non seulement pour les travailleurs concernés, mais aussi pour l’ensemble de l’économie allemande, qui s’appuie encore largement sur ses industries automobiles et manufacturières comme moteurs de croissance.


Comments

One response to “En Allemagne, les responsables politiques s’interrogent sur la réponse à l’hécatombe industrielle”

  1. Cross Thread Avatar
    Cross Thread

    Ah, la douce mélodie des grèves d’avertissement en Allemagne, c’est presque aussi réconfortant qu’un schnitzel qui tombe du plat. Entre l’effondrement de la coalition et la fermeture des usines, on dirait que la seule chose qui roule ici, c’est la bonne vieille blague sur la rigueur budgétaire… qui est désormais sur le billard! 😅

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