Istanbul Convention: Experts Commend Spain’s Efforts to Tackle Violence Against Women, Urge Enhanced Professional Training

In a recently published report, the Council of Europe’s Group of Experts on Action against Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (GREVIO) has commended Spain’s dedication and progress in its efforts to prevent and address violence against women. However, the group also highlights areas that require urgent improvement to fully align with the Istanbul Convention, particularly in enhancing the training of professionals who interact with victims and perpetrators of such violence, including members of the judiciary.

GREVIO acknowledges Spain’s advancements in expanding its legislation and policies to combat violence against women. Key achievements include the adoption of the 2022 Organic Law on the Comprehensive Guarantee of Sexual Freedom, which criminalizes all sexual acts without the free consent of the individual.

Other significant strides involve the launch of the Multi-Annual Joint Plan on Violence Against Women (2023-2027), measures to broaden policies and services to address forms of violence beyond intimate-partner violence, and the establishment of 24-hour comprehensive assistance centers for victims of sexual violence across Spain. Notably, funding dedicated to preventing and combating violence against women has steadily increased in recent years.

The report notes substantial improvements in the approach of law enforcement agencies—particularly specialized units—in their interactions with women victims of violence. Despite these advancements, GREVIO emphasizes the need for further measures to ensure victims receive appropriate support, protection, and justice.

Key Recommendations from GREVIO:

1. Professional Training: GREVIO underscores the need to provide comprehensive training to all professionals who work with victims and perpetrators of violence against women. This includes professionals in the fields of justice, law enforcement, social welfare, healthcare, and education. Such training should address all forms of violence and consider the specific needs of vulnerable groups.

2. Mandatory Judicial Training: GREVIO calls for mandatory training for judges handling custody and visitation rights cases. This training should focus on the detrimental effects of witnessing violence against women on children and the overall dynamics of domestic violence.

3. Focus on Vulnerable Groups: The report expresses concern over the disproportionate impact of gender-based violence on migrant and refugee women, women with disabilities, and women in rural areas. GREVIO urges Spanish authorities to intensify efforts in providing protection and support for these groups.

4. Youth and Gang Rape Cases: GREVIO draws attention to the troubling increase in gang rape cases in Spain, often involving both young victims and perpetrators. It highlights the role of violent pornography in influencing such crimes, particularly among young men, and the lack of widespread access to educational discussions on sexuality, gender equality, non-stereotyped roles, mutual respect, and personal integrity.

In conclusion, while GREVIO praises Spain’s ongoing commitment to combat violence against women, it calls for greater investments in training, education, and support mechanisms, especially for vulnerable populations. The report serves as both recognition of progress and a roadmap for addressing persistent challenges in ensuring the safety and rights of women in Spain.