Donald Trump souhaite approvisionner l’Europe en gaz, mais ce n’est pas si simple

Trump Préconise une Augmentation Massive de la Production d'Énergies Fossiles

Donald Trump souhaite désormais accroître la production mondiale d’énergies fossiles pour atteindre l’équivalent de 3 millions de barils de pétrole par jour, selon Jim Burkhard, responsable de la recherche sur l’énergie chez S&P Global. Une large part de cette augmentation proviendrait vraisemblablement du gaz naturel.

D’après Burkhard, les entreprises du secteur énergétique pourraient réaliser cet objectif, à condition qu’elles le décident, en intensifiant l’exploitation sur leurs sites existants. Par ailleurs, les nouvelles initiatives du président visent à renforcer la confiance dans une demande continue de gaz naturel aux États-Unis, ce qui pourrait stimuler l’investissement et la production locale.

Cependant, les pouvoirs de Trump pour accélérer la production énergétique, comme des mesures facilitant l’ouverture de nouvelles usines de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL), nécessiteraient des années pour produire des résultats concrets. Selon Burkhard, ces processus pourraient même s’étendre sur une décennie ou plus.

Toutefois, si les entreprises énergétiques décidaient de suivre la vision de Trump et d’accroître leur production, cela pourrait bénéficier aux industries européennes à forte consommation d’énergie. Ces dernières continuent de payer leur gaz entre deux et trois fois plus cher que leurs consœurs américaines, ce qui pèse lourdement sur leur compétitivité.

Un Secteur Industriel Européen Sous Pression

Pour Nicolai Romanowski, responsable de l’énergie au CEFIC, l’association de représentation des entreprises du secteur chimique dans l’Union européenne, le coût de l’énergie demeure l’un des plus grands défis auxquels fait face l’industrie aujourd’hui. Ce secteur, le plus gros consommateur de gaz et d’électricité en Europe, subit de plein fouet les conséquences de ces prix élevés. Les fermetures d’usines en sont une preuve significative, entraînant une perte d’environ 11 millions de tonnes de capacité de production en Europe au cours des deux dernières années, selon un rapport du CEFIC.

“Tout ce qui contribue à alléger la pression énergétique renforce la compétitivité de l’industrie européenne”, explique Romanowski. Toutefois, il nuance ces propos en soulignant que, malgré des initiatives potentielles, les prix européens resteront plus élevés que ceux des États-Unis en raison des coûts supplémentaires liés à la liquéfaction du gaz et à son transport par voie maritime.

Ainsi, alors que Trump mise sur une augmentation de la production énergétique pour booster l’économie américaine, l’Europe pourrait indirectement bénéficier de ces efforts. Mais les défis liés aux coûts structurels du gaz importé resteront des obstacles majeurs à la reprise de compétitivité du secteur industriel européen.


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