A critical juncture has been reached in South Sudan’s peace process, as fundamental commitments from the 2018 peace agreement are either stalling or regressing.
Conflict Background
The 2018 Revitalized Peace Agreement, crucial for preventing further civil war, is now under threat due to weakening power-sharing and security arrangements. With elections slated for December 2026, political rivalry might ignite violence. The war in neighboring Sudan has further exacerbated the situation, with over 1.2 million people crossing into South Sudan since April 2023, straining resources and systems.
Rising Political Tensions
Political changes have undermined the essential inclusive governance structures of the peace agreement. The political climate has become more unstable and polarized due to the arrest and trial of opposition leaders. Progress on vital transition tasks like security sector reform, constitution-making, and election planning remains delayed, while regional efforts have failed to resolve local tensions.
Escalating Violence
There have been increased ceasefire violations and clashes between government and opposition forces, notably in Jonglei, Unity, and Upper Nile states. The violence includes aerial bombardments, riverine operations, ambushes, and reprisal attacks, resulting in civilian casualties, displacement, and loss of livelihoods.
Growing Risks for Women and Girls
Around 7.5 million people in South Sudan face severe food insecurity, with flooding, displacement, and violence worsening humanitarian needs. Gender-based violence, including rape, kidnapping, and forced marriages, remains widespread, with 260 conflict-related cases reported last year. Women are largely excluded from national political processes, failing to meet the agreed representation quota of 35 percent.
Urgent Call to Action
U.N. officials urge an immediate halt to hostilities, resumption of political dialogue, protection of civilians, and ongoing support for the U.N. peacekeeping mission. Without decisive intervention, South Sudan risks plunging into another war, with civilians enduring the most severe impacts.
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