Croatia led the EU in air passenger-kilometres in 2023 with a share of 43.5%, followed by Bulgaria at 29.0% and Cyprus at 27.4%, according to Eurostat. In the EU, cars were the primary mode of passenger transport, followed by aircraft, buses, coaches or trolleybuses, trains, and sea vessels. Cars constituted 70.6% of total passenger-kilometres, a decrease of 1.8 percentage points from 2022. Air travel accounted for 14.7%, an increase of 1.6 percentage points. Buses, coaches, or trolleybuses made up 7.2% (down 0.2 points), trains 7.1% (up 0.3 points), and sea vessels 0.4% (unchanged from 2022).
Lithuania had the highest road transport share at 85.7%, followed by the Netherlands at 77.1% and Finland at 76.4%. Malta led in bus, coach, or trolleybus transport at 15.8%, closely followed by Ireland at 15.4% and Estonia at 12.0%. The Netherlands (10.9%), Austria (10.5%), and France (9.1%) had notable rail transport shares. Croatia led in maritime transport passenger-kilometres at 2.4%, with Estonia at 2.3% and Finland at 2.1%.














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