Guerre commerciale : l’Europe envisage de viser les grandes banques et les géants de la tech américains

Jusqu’à maintenant, Bruxelles a suivi une approche traditionnelle dans ses relations commerciales avec les États-Unis, répondant aux droits de douane imposés par Donald Trump sur les métaux industriels en appliquant des taxes équivalentes sur des produits américains emblématiques, comme les motos Harley-Davidson. L’objectif de la Commission européenne était de répondre de manière proportionnée, sans alimenter une escalade du conflit commercial.

Cependant, alors que Washington envisage désormais d’imposer de nouvelles sanctions contre l’Union européenne, non seulement en réponse aux droits de douane actuels, mais aussi en raison de ce qu’elle perçoit comme des obstacles non tarifaires — notamment les régulations européennes sur le numérique — Bruxelles s’apprête à adopter une posture plus ferme.

« Nous allons entamer ces discussions en position de force », a affirmé Ursula von der Leyen, présidente de la Commission européenne, dans un discours devant le Parlement européen, à la veille d’une annonce attendue de Donald Trump concernant de nouvelles taxes. « L’Europe dispose de nombreux atouts – son poids commercial, sa réglementation numérique, et surtout la taille de son marché. Mais cette force vient aussi de notre détermination à répondre de façon ferme. Tous les outils sont sur la table. »

Parmi les mesures que pourrait envisager Bruxelles, figure la possibilité de cibler certains services américains. Cela inclurait potentiellement des géants bancaires tels que J.P. Morgan ou Bank of America, ainsi que des entreprises technologiques comme le réseau social X d’Elon Musk, le moteur de recherche Google ou encore Amazon, le premier distributeur en ligne mondial.

Un responsable européen de haut niveau a d’ailleurs laissé entendre à la presse mi-mars que l’UE n’excluait pas une riposte plus large, plus efficace et « encore plus créative », notamment en mobilisant des leviers comme les droits de propriété intellectuelle.


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